What is orthostatic hypotension?

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a significant drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person moves from a sitting or lying down position to a standing position. This physiological response can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting as the body struggles to adjust the blood flow and maintain cerebral perfusion upon standing.

When a person stands up, gravity causes blood to pool in the legs, and to counter this change, the body typically responds by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain blood pressure. In individuals with orthostatic hypotension, this compensatory mechanism is inadequate, resulting in decreased blood flow to the brain.

This condition is not the same as a sudden increase in blood pressure, which would involve the opposite physiological response. It also does not relate to sharp chest pain or chronic balance issues, as those are indicative of different medical concerns altogether. Understanding this condition is crucial, especially in clinical settings, as it can impact patient care during mobility and daily activities.